After application of a thin layer of aluminum, appropriate areas are etched away using an etchant consisting of a mixture of acids, which is primarily phosphoric acid, at operating temperature from 20-60 C. A typical aluminum etchant contains 85 parts of concentrated phosphoric acid, 12 parts of concentrated acetic acid, and 3 parts of concentrated nitric acid. "FC-93" added to a commercial aluminum etchant at 100 ppm active solids reduced the surface tension from 63.5 dynes/cm to 21.0 dynes/cm at 65 C.
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