The tallow and coconut oil are melted at 80'C. in a separate container fitted with a stirrer. Castor oil is added separately, as it tends to darken if it is superheated. The castor oil may be added just before the caustic soda. The caustic soda, mixed with the alcohol, is run into the fat with constant stirring. The temperature should not rise above 75'C. After saponification is completed (a sample withdrawn is clearly soluble in distilled water), the stirrer is switched off and the kettle left covered for some time. In a separate mixing vessel, the sugar solution is prepared by dissolving the sugar in warm water (80'C). The soap mass is then added to the kettle with the glycerine and then the warm sugar solution, with constant stirring. At this stage, the free alkali content is adjusted. If it is found to be too high, coconut oil fatty acids are added. Roughly each per cent of free NaOH corresponds to 5.3 per cent of coconut oil fatty acids. The free alkali content should not be higher than 0,
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