Soil solidification is a complicated but effective technique that makes use of soluble silicate in a method known as chemical grouting. Loose soil that is to be solidified gets a series of chemical injections. A solution of sodium silicate, such as "N", is pumped through pipes into the soil and this is followed by a reactant that gels the silicate and eventually hardens it. Reactants that work especially well include sodium aluminate, sodium bicarbonate, alum, and calcium chloride.